The differential Fick method was introduced in 1980 (Gedeon A et al. : A new method for noninvasive bedside determination of pulmonary blood flow. Medical & Biological Engineering & Computing 18(4) 411-418 )            and the rebreathing approach in 1985. (Gedeon A. Noninvasive pulmonary blood flow for optimal PEEP. Clinical Physiology 5 (Suppl 3) 49-58.)

Below is an explanation how it works

Description of our work :

Video abstract:  https://youtu.be/-eqfO9gbsGE

Poster summary:

Infographic Epbf Png
Image – 1.5 MB 75 downloads

Full paper:

A Gedeon, J Jansson D Patrickson, M Wallin : A new method for non-invasive determination of effective pulmonary blood flow and cardiac output in spontaneously breathing subjects Experimental Physiology 1-6 2025

 http://doi.org/10.1113/EP093079

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References:

Pulmonary embolism: 

  1. European Heart Journal (2020)                                                                 2019 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of acute pulmonary emboli  
  2. Eur Respir J (2010); 35: 735–741                                                                 Bedside end-tidal CO2 tension as a screening tool to exclude   pulmonary embolism                                                                                 AR Hemnes*, A.L. Newman*, B. Rosenbaum#, T.W. Barrett",       C.Zhou,T.W. Rice* and J.H. Newman*                                                       

Cardiac output:

       Paediatr Anaesth .(2022) Feb;32(2):255-261.                                                   Capnodynamics-Measuring cardiac output via ventilation                         Jacob Karlsson,  Per-Arne Lönnqvist